Friday, March 14, 2014
The main objective of this dissertation is to contribute to understanding the contemporary transformations of capitalism building on Jean Baudrillard’s depiction of the world after WWII as a ‘consumer society’. The development of capitalism has changed the way that society lives, principally as relates to consumption, because while commodities produced under the capitalist mode of production may satisfy some social needs, this is a consequence of the final objective - value accumulation. However, capitalist economic development contains a contradiction. That contradiction is the unlimited potential to produce combined with the limited capacity to consume which is why capitalism must continuously increase the necessity to consume in order to realize value. In this form, capitalism increasingly needs to bring cultural, social, political and ideological elements into the process of accumulation. Consumer society appears when these elements (principally cultural and ideological values) come under the increasing command of the consumption process because needs are more focused on social values than on objects, and satisfaction comes primarily from the adoption of values that Baudrillard explains with his theory of sign value. This dissertation focused on developed countries during the post-war period in order to analyze all of the factors that made the creation of a consumer society possible. Additionally, this research aimed to interrogate the analyses of the theories of necessity of Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall and Karl Mark, and following, the theories of Andre Granou and Jean Baudrillard.
The Invention Of 'The Economy' : Planet Money : NPR
In the decades that follow, national income becomes gross national product and eventually GDP — and it sweeps the world. "The first thing you do in 1950s and '60s if you're a new nation is you open a national airline, you create a national army, and you start measuring GDP," Karabell says.
Her Ela
• Certo dia ele compra um aparelho cujo sistema operacional promete organizar a sua vida, emitir alertas sobre mensagens, catalogar o lixo eletrônico, sugerir o que fazer com todas as informações processadas e não processadas e ainda compor música para ele.
• A alegoria está definida: o humano que leva a vida mecanicamente cria afeição pelo robô que se parece com um ser humano.
"The reason Alan Watts ended up in the movie," Jonze says, "besides just me liking him, and thinking it would be fun to bring him back as an artificial hyperintelligent version of himself, is that one of the themes he writes a lot about is change, and where pain comes from, in terms of resisting change - whether it's in a relationship, or in life, or in society. . . . And that's one of the themes of the movie as well."
• A alegoria está definida: o humano que leva a vida mecanicamente cria afeição pelo robô que se parece com um ser humano.
"The reason Alan Watts ended up in the movie," Jonze says, "besides just me liking him, and thinking it would be fun to bring him back as an artificial hyperintelligent version of himself, is that one of the themes he writes a lot about is change, and where pain comes from, in terms of resisting change - whether it's in a relationship, or in life, or in society. . . . And that's one of the themes of the movie as well."
Quente Misto
Hank loses more fights than he wins, and his descriptions of failure should ring true for anyone accustomed to the experience. If Bukowski were to fictionalize anything here, you'd think that he might actually get laid somewhere in these 283 pages. Having said that, it's probably not much of a spoiler to reveal that he remains a virgin at least up until the bombing of Pearl Harbor, but anyone who's ever read Bukowski knows that he more than made up for this later in life
A whole god-damned nation of assholes driving automobiles, eating, doing everything in the worst way possible, like voting for the presidential candidate that reminded them most of themselves.
Oskar Lange - economista polaco
Em relação ao primeiro defendeu que a planificação socialista podia levar em conta preços históricos e seria mais eficiente pois não sofreria das "imperfeições do mercado".
Acrescenta que a racionalidade da empresa capitalista tem um caráter privado e não social, o que leva "a um desperdício de meios e de recursos econômicos na escala do conjunto da sociedade"
Brazil is the most vulnerable Latin American country if China’s credit bubble
Brazil is the most vulnerable Latin American country if China’s credit bubble were to burst, economists Aryam Vazquez and Marcos Casarin argued, because of the potential impact on exports of soy and iron ore and the likely plunge in commodities prices overall.
Economists currently expect Brazil's gross domestic product to grow 1.68 percent this year, and 2 percent in 2015, according to a weekly survey by the central bank.
Thanks to strong demand for its soy and iron ore from China, plus smart fiscal management and social welfare policies under Rousseff's predecessors, Brazil has managed to pull some 35 million people out of poverty since the mid-1990s. It also became a top market for foreign automakers, retailers and telecom companies.
But economists say that, generally speaking, Brazil sold too many cars during the boom while not building enough roads.
it channeled too much of the windfall toward consumption and not enough on investment.
tax cuts worth approximately 1.5 percent of GDP, while also keeping fiscal spending robust to stimulate the economy
The budget deficit is expected to hit nearly 4 percent of GDP in 2014, a percentage point above the past decade's average
That's not a huge budget gap by global standards. But investors hold Brazil to a tighter standard than most countries because of its history of runaway spending that resulted in hyperinflation in the 1980s and early 1990s
and the growing tax burden posed by Brazil's generous pension system.
Economists currently expect Brazil's gross domestic product to grow 1.68 percent this year, and 2 percent in 2015, according to a weekly survey by the central bank.
Thanks to strong demand for its soy and iron ore from China, plus smart fiscal management and social welfare policies under Rousseff's predecessors, Brazil has managed to pull some 35 million people out of poverty since the mid-1990s. It also became a top market for foreign automakers, retailers and telecom companies.
But economists say that, generally speaking, Brazil sold too many cars during the boom while not building enough roads.
it channeled too much of the windfall toward consumption and not enough on investment.
tax cuts worth approximately 1.5 percent of GDP, while also keeping fiscal spending robust to stimulate the economy
The budget deficit is expected to hit nearly 4 percent of GDP in 2014, a percentage point above the past decade's average
That's not a huge budget gap by global standards. But investors hold Brazil to a tighter standard than most countries because of its history of runaway spending that resulted in hyperinflation in the 1980s and early 1990s
and the growing tax burden posed by Brazil's generous pension system.
Uma mudança geracional
os valores éticos que predominam na nossa classe-média
parecem ainda ser aqueles inculcados pelo regime militar, da mediocridade
cultural, da aceitação robótica das informações da mídia, da passividade cívica
e da alienação política (não é à toa que tanta gente diz hoje, sem noção
nenhuma da monstruosidade que está falando, que tem saudades dos militares).
Como diz Pochmann, "é um equívoco entender a elevação de renda como
mudança de classe social".
No Brasil, a ditadura
ceifou uma geração e deixou uma herança política maldita
Assim, mesmo com boom econômico, com avanços indiscutíveis
no trato da questão social, não houve uma grande transformação no sistema
político brasileiro e nas suas perversas formas de funcionamento. Ao contrário,
parecem ter-se fortalecido no século XXI práticas que remontam às nossas piores
heranças históricas, e que os vinte anos de ditadura só fizeram enraizar-se
ainda mais, em todas as esferas de poder (ou talvez SOBRETUDO nos Estados e
Municípios): o clientelismo, a corrupção generalizada, a ilegalidade como
regra, o favor como modus operandi, as negociações de favores e dinheiro na
relação executivo-legislativo (sempre em nome da "governabilidade"),
o abuso descarado do dinheiro e da máquina pública, os partidos de aluguel; são
marcas do nosso cotidiano político (embora existam exceções).
A corrida veloz para
o consumo não foi acompanhada de um grande debate em torno de outros valores.
A mudança "pelo
consumo" não alterou os fundamentos éticos da sociedade nem a lógica da
política
Os pais e avós vieram
para a cidade grande com certa expectativa e aceitação da condição precária que
teriam que enfrentar, ainda assim melhor que a seca e a fome em suas cidades de
origem. Submeteram-se corajosamente e até certo ponto pacificamente à indecente
segregação urbana que lhes foi imposta, a espoliação urbana de que falou o
professor Lúcio Kowarick. Mas seus filhos já não pensam da mesma forma
As gerações mais
velhas se habituaram, as mais jovens não entendem (ainda bem)
A manipulação descarada e a tentativa de criar
um cenário de "instabilidade"
São os paladinos do "bandido bom é bandido
morto", do "mulher estuprada é porque vestiu-se para merecer",
do "não sou racista olhe como trato bem os pobres pretos", do
"esses jovens de periferia são todos vândalos", do "é tudo
corrupto", do "é tudo petralha", do "imagina na copa".
São raivosos com um virtuosismo econômico que possa eventualmente tornar os
mais pobres consumidores doentios como eles. Não toleram ver os mais pobres
andando de avião, não suportam perder seus privilégios.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)